From Asturica Augusta to the Cultural Jewel of the Maragateria
Astorga, located in the heart of Leon Province, is a city that has witnessed more than two thousand years of history. From its founding as a Roman military camp to becoming a cultural and tourist landmark, its legacy is as vast as it is fascinating.
Roman Origins: Asturica Augusta
Astorga was born as Asturica Augusta, a military camp established by the Legio X Gemina at the end of the 1st century BC. Its strategic location on the Via de la Plata made it an important administrative and commercial center of the northwestern peninsula. Pliny the Elder described it as a “magnificent city”, highlighting its importance within the Roman Empire.
Roman Archaeological Heritage
Astorga’s archaeological wealth is unmatched. Among the most notable remains are:
- Roman Ergastula: A vaulted structure whose function is still debated, although it is believed to have been part of the forum of the ancient city. It currently houses the Roman Museum of Astorga, where objects and everyday utensils from Asturica Augusta are on display.
- Roman Walls: More than 2 km long, these walls surround the city’s old town and bear witness to its defensive past.
- Roman Route: A trail that allows visitors to see various remains of the Roman past preserved beneath the city, including baths, sewers and houses with mosaics.
Middle Ages: Feudalism and the Marquisate
During the Middle Ages, Astorga was the scene of numerous conflicts and transformations. In 1465, King Henry IV of Castile granted Alvar Perez Osorio the title of Marquis of Astorga, turning it into a feudal city under the influence of the marquisate.
19th and 20th Centuries: Wars and Reconstruction
In the nineteenth century, Astorga suffered the consequences of the Spanish War of Independence. It was occupied by French troops and was the scene of intense fighting. The city later experienced an industrial boom, notably in the chocolate industry, which came to have more than 50 factories during its golden age.
Architectural and Cultural Heritage
Cathedral of Santa Maria
Built between the 15th and 18th centuries, this cathedral combines Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque styles. Its facade and main altarpiece are especially notable.
Episcopal Palace
Designed by Antoni Gaudi, this neo-Gothic building is one of the architect’s few works outside Catalonia. It currently houses the Museum of the Ways (Museo de los Caminos), dedicated to the Camino de Santiago.
Astorga Town Hall
A 17th-century Baroque building, famous for its automatons “Juan Zancuda” and “Colasa”, which strike a bell to mark the hours.
Traditions and Festivities
Holy Week
Declared a Fiesta of National Tourist Interest, Astorga’s Holy Week is notable for its processions and pasos (religious floats), some of which date back to the 16th century.
Festival of the Astures and Romans
Held at the end of July, this festival recreates the city’s Roman and Astur past, with parades, camps and historical reenactments.
Gastronomy: Flavors with History
Cocido Maragato
A typical dish served “in reverse”: first the meats, then the chickpeas and vegetables, and finally the soup. This tradition dates back to the region’s muleteers.
Mantecadas de Astorga
A traditional pastry made with butter, flour, eggs and sugar. Since 2004, it has held Protected Geographical Indication status.
Today, Astorga is a major tourist destination, especially for pilgrims on the Camino de Santiago Frances. Its historical, architectural and culinary richness make it a must-stop destination in northwestern Spain.